white pine bark

Pictured above is a mature eastern white pine. Pine Bark Research Study / Stanford Antioxidant Natural Supplement Study Principal Investigator: Randall S. Stafford. It is extremely intolerant of road salt and compaction. Whitebark pine needles are also usually shorter, 4–7 centimeters (1 1⁄2–3 in) long, though still overlapping in size with the larger 5–10 centimeters (2–4 in) needles of the western white pine. Bark House® Rough Pine Wall Coverings are monolithic panels hand crafted with the bark of the White Pine (Pinus strobus) tree. Restoration efforts undertaken by the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service in the northern Rocky Mountains involve harvesting cones from potentially and known resistant whitebark pines, growing seedlings, and outplanting seedlings in suitable sites. As such, it is the first federally listed endangered tree in western Canada. The whitebark pine has been classified as endangered by the IUCN. Pine bark extract has poorly understood effects on the immune system, however, several reports have indicated possible immunosuppressant properties of this compound. White Pine Alcohol-Free Liquid Extract, White Pine (Pinus Strobus) Dried Bark Glycerite Natural Herbal Supplement, Hawaii Pharm, USA 2 fl.oz 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 More Buying Choices $24.95 (1 new offer) In short, this supplement can prevent ear infection and may be a remedy for preventing hearing loss caused by ototoxicity (x). National Park Service image National Park Service image Governor Gordon has expressed concern about a proposed “threatened” status listing for whitebark pine and thanked the U.S. Forest Service for the timely release of the Thunder Basin National Grassland Plan Amendment for prairie dog management. The inner bark of the tree is Expectorant in nature. Entire forest vistas, like that at Avalanche Ridge near Yellowstone National Park’s east gate, have become expanses of dead gray whitebarks. Identify eastern white pine via pictures, habitat, height, bark, leaves, buds and flowers. The vestibulocochlear nerve affects both hearing and balance. ft. single-family home is a bed, bath property. It can also be found as creams, lotions or ointments, typically containing 0.5 percent to 2 percent pine bark extract. It has slender, greenish-blue needles that are 2.5-5 inches long that grow in bundles of five. Pine bark extract has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. Soils – Eastern White Pines grow in soil types like Spodosols, Alfisols, Entisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols. Medicinal use of White Pine: White pine was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who valued it especially for its antiseptic and vulnerary qualities, using it extensively in the treatment of skin complaints, wounds, burns, boils etc. The pine bark extract originates from the French and Maritime Provinces of Canada. Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment, Kava Kava Extract: Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage, Creatinol-O-Phosphate: Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage, L-Carnitine: Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage, Low-Carb Diet: What to Eat, What to Avoid, 16 Healthy Snacks That Can Help You Lose Weight, An Essential 7-Step Guide to Safe and Healthy Weight Gain, What to Know About Intermittent Fasting for Beginners, E. Coli Infection: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment, Crepitus: Characteristics, Causes & Treatment, Chloasma: Characteristics, Causes & Treatment, Ectopic Pregnancy: Characteristics, Causes & Treatment. Possible Pine Bark Extract side effects include: Pine bark extract may not be safe for people with a weakened immune system. White pine is an evergreen species which bears thin needles growing in five clusters. In response to the ongoing decline of the tree throughout its range, the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation was formed. TRU-PINE ® is made from eastern white pine bark. 1:2 30 ml $13.00 CAD. Look for the adelgid on the underside of the limbs or on the TINCTURE. Thus, it is often found as krummholz, trees growing close to the ground that have been dwarfed by exposure. [10] In the absence of low-level wildfire cycles, whitebark pines in these stands are replaced by more shade-tolerant, fire-intolerant species such as subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii). Pine Bark is thick and scaly bark of the Pine tree. It is safe so long as one follows its optimal dosage. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) can also be hard to distinguish from the western white pine (Pinus monticola) in the absence of cones. The three most common stresses for pine trees that invite pine bark beetles are … Herb: White Pine Latin name: Pinus strobus Family: Pinaceae (Pine Family) Medicinal use of White Pine: White pine was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who valued it especially for its antiseptic and vulnerary qualities, using it extensively in the treatment of skin complaints, wounds, burns, boils etc. [as of? It is helpful for identification if one remembers that the number of letter in “white” are five which equals to the number of needles in cluster. Fruit Male and female cones grow on the same tree. It can also be found as creams, lotions or ointments, typically containing 0.5 percent to 2 percent pine bark extract. 2010). These factors led scientists to conclude that after decades of decline, an estimated 51% of all standing whitebark pine trees were dead as of 2016. These results concluded that pine bark extract might be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes (x, x). White pine blister rust, a non-native fungal disease, is harming native whitebark pine trees across the American West. Identify eastern white pine via pictures, habitat, height, bark, leaves, buds and flowers. Both red pine and eastern white pine are found throughout the Northeast. Furthermore, symptoms of the study’s subjects began to return one month after they ceased using Pine Bark Extract (x). The White Pine Tree bark is very smooth, the leaves of the tree grow in small bundles of five, and there are cylindrical cones that are a little longer than leaf bundles. Several emerging threats to whitebark pine have Purity/contamination. The oldest known Pine is located in the White Mountains of California and is thought to be 4,600 years old and is called "Methuselah." Fallen needles under these trees serve as beds that are used by deer and wild sheep seeking shelter during stormy weather. Includes commerical and native American uses, botanical characteristics, distribution, habitat, … The bark is dried, and then used in powdered form, tea, syrups, as a poultice, and in capsules. In more favorable conditions, the trees may grow to 29 meters (95 ft) in height. [6] Whitebark deaths in North Cascades National Park doubled from 2006 to 2011. Pine bark extract comes from the bark of the Pinus pinaster tree, which commonly grows in Europe. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. While these findings look promising, there’s insufficient research to understand how antioxidant levels affect ADHD symptoms. Achetez White Pine Bark cut 2oz by AzureGreen: Amazon.fr Livraison & retours gratuits possibles (voir conditions) 148,106,950 stock photos online. Athletes may experience less muscle pain, cramping when using the supplement (x). In patients suffering from heart attacks, using pine bark extract along with Coenzyme Q10 improves post attack recovery, including distance walked during exercise and heart function. Results of the study revealed an increase in sperm production and improved erectile function (x). Additionally, another study revealed that the extract alleviated symptoms associated with menopause including hot flashes, loss of libido, vaginal dryness and irregular periods (x). Monitored At. Disease and Pests Disease – Blister rust, Red ring rot, Root rot, Beech bark disease. The sq. Add. Add. Consult your doctor first if you have any underlying medical disorders or are take any other medicines. The results of the study indicate that the extract may: The metabolic benefits of pine bark extract also seem to be associated with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. other types of tree damage; View the protocol for monitoring this vital sign. On July 18, 2011, the U.S. Cache sites selected by nutcrackers are often favorable for germination of seeds and survival of seedlings. French expeditioner Jacques Cartier, who claimed Canada for France, reportedly used pine bark extract in 1535 during his expedition as a treatment for scurvy, a condition due to insufficient levels of vitamin C intake. Douglas squirrels cut down and store whitebark pine cones in their middens. Consult your doctor or health care professional prior to taking any supplements. Consequently, whitebark pine often grows in clumps of several trees, originating from a single cache of two to 15 or more seeds. Pine bark beetles attack and kill pine trees that have been stressed. From a distance these secretions appear as white dots covering the tree. The pine bark adelgid was introduced from Europe and is now widely distributed in North America, occurring principally throughout the native range of eastern white pine. Pine Bark Extract Benefits Pine bark The quality and strength of the end product. If you choose to use Pycnogenol, follow the dosage instructions on the label. Forty-seven Japanese men with mild erection issues took the extract and L-arginine over an eight to 16-week period. [7] The beetles both lay their eggs and introduce pathogenic fungi into their host trees, which include many other species of pine, and the combination of larval feeding and fungal colonization is typically sufficient to kill old or unhealthy trees. Heavily researched, Pycnogenol contains many active compounds that contain health-boosting antioxidants and substances that boost the immune system and encourage blood flow. A potent antioxidant, pine bark extract was originally used by indigenous people of North America and Asia as a medicinal herb. Pine bark extract offers many health benefits, from reducing the signs of aging to decreasing the risk of circulation problems, heart disease, high cholesterol and stroke. A White Bark Pine tree is found in higher elevations and typically is at the tree line. White pine bark refers to the hard outer layer of the white pine tree, which usually grows on the bottom half of the tree once it reaches a particular height. A study in the mid-2000s showed that whitebark pine had declined by 41 percent in the western Cascades due to two primary threats: blis… High doses may also cause a drop in blood sugar levels in diabetics and interfere with liver function in people with hepatitis. Other animals also depend upon the whitebark pine. First, a small, yellow or red spot appears on the needle at the site of infection and eventually the needle may die as the fungus grows into the bark tissue. What is Erythritol Powder and is it Safe? It requires an alternate host (Ribes species) for new infections to occur on pine.Early detection can be difficult due to very subtle symptoms during the first year of infection. When Cartier’s men were struck by scurvy, Native Americans advised him to take pine bark (x). It has a straight trunk with a crown of horizontal branches. Mechanical and chemical methods used to produce the supplement. This insect is also found on Scots and Austrian pine. [13] This U.S. group collaborates closely with the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation of Canada. The blister rust has also devastated the commercially valuable western white pine in these areas and made serious inroads in limber pine (Pinus flexilis) populations as well. The base of this tree has a rough and textured bark with a gray surface color over a rich chocolate undertone. In the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, whitebark pine mortality in some areas exceeds 90 percent, where the disease infests nearly 143,000 acres (580 km2). There is currently no effective method for controlling the spread and effects of blister rust. Get notified about exclusive offers every week! Pycnogenol is a standardized supplement formula guaranteed to contain at least 65-75% proanthocyanidins, the active ingredient that triggers all these benefits. There are many layers of scales that are broken into irregular blocks. Eastern white pine is a handsome ornamental specimen valuable for parks, estates, and large properties. Pine bark extract can help manage symptoms of ADHD. About Pinus albicaulis, White bark pine, a native plant of North America. Children who took the extract for a month had good antioxidant levels (x). Pine bark extract is the essence taken from the interior of European pine trees called Pinus pinaster. A White Bark Pine tree is found in higher elevations and typically is at the tree line. You’ll notice the insect infests a tree when the white pine is off-color or the canopy begins to look thin. Sinus Infection: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment, Cat’s Claw Extract: Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage, Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment. In fact, it may inhibit histamine release and interfere with medication prescribed for immune function. The findings of a study in 2013 suggest that pine bark extract may help to decrease nerve cell damage after traumatic brain injury (x). They tend to suck the sap from the tree which leaves it weakened. In contrast, the bark pictured above is from a mature red pine. Historically used for ships masts, today the White Pine is primarily used for lumber, paper pulp, and telephone poles. [6] The pine beetle upsurge has killed nearly 750,000 whitebark pines in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem alone. The extraction methods used to obtain the pine bark and its components. Clark's nutcrackers each cache about 30,000 to 100,000 seeds each year in small, widely scattered caches, usually under 2 to 3 cm (3⁄4 to 1 1⁄4 in) of soil or gravelly substrate. The bark of limber pines is a … 1/4 Pound - Wild Crafted $8.40 CAD. Pine bark beetles attack and kill pine trees that have been stressed. Add. However, it is advisable to begin with a small dose to see how your body reacts to it. ], Fire suppression has led to slow population declines over the last century by altering the health and composition dynamics of stands without the fire ecology balancing their habitat and suppressing insect-disease threats. [6], Many stands of Pinus albicaulis across the species' entire natural range are infected with white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), a fungal disease introduced from Europe. It soothes the mucus membranes of the throat and bronchial passages, and is sometimes combined with other respiratory tonics such * Disclaimer: This statement has not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. The earliest recorded use of pine bark extract for medicinal purposes was in 1535, when Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, was traveling through Quebec. French maritime pine bark is high in bioflavonoids, particularly those known as oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs). French expeditioner Jacques Cartier, who claimed Canada for France, reportedly used pine bark extract in 1535 during his expedition as a treatment for scurvy, a condition due to insufficient levels of vitamin C intake. Of course, be sure to consult your doctor first if you have any underlying medical disorders or take any other medications. 1/2 Pound $14.00 CAD. White-pine-bark White-pine-leaves White-pine-mature-seed-cones White-pine-pollen-cones White-pine-tree Bark The bark of younger trees is thin and smooth. New users enjoy 60% OFF. Begin with a low dose and gradually increase your dosage to understand how your body responds to the supplement. Bark is dark green and smooth when young; it is soon deeply furrowed, turns dark brown to black and can get up to 2-5 cm thick when older. Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that beetles had killed whitebark pines across 500,000 acres (200,000 ha) in the West, while in 2009, beetles were estimated to have killed trees on 800,000 acres (320,000 ha), the most since record-keeping began. The antioxidants help fight off harmful free radicals and can prevent disease (x). It helps in comforting the problems related to respiratory Tract. white pine blister rust infection: presence of white pine blister rust cankers (infections) on the main trunk (bole) and in canopy branches mountain pine beetle attack: pitch tubes (popcorn-shaped resin masses outside the bark) Today, many recognize Pine Bark extract as a potent antioxidant that is quite beneficial to take along with vitamin C, E and lipoic acid (x). Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a member of the white pine group, the Pinus subgenus Strobus, and the section Strobus; like all members of this group, the leaves (needles) are in fascicles (bundles) of five with a deciduous sheath. Add. It has been praised for its medicinal properties since the 4th century B.C. However, in Christmas tree production, infestations seldom reach this stage. The whitebark pine is typically the highest-elevation pine tree found in these mountain ranges and often marks the tree line. Add. More research is needed to understand the extract’s role in decreasing damage resulting from head trauma. This home was built in and last sold on for. Perimenopausal women took pine bark extract for eight weeks and noticed reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels, lower blood glucose levels and normalized blood pressure. In California, where the blister rust is far less severe, whitebark pine is still fairly common in the High Sierras. Generally, the extract has no side effects. Download 1,137 White Pine Bark Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates! Trouvez les Pine Bark images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. These white spots are caused by White Pine Adelgids, Pineus strobi. However, whitebark pine needles are entire (smooth when rubbed gently in either direction), whereas western white pine needles are finely serrated (feeling rough when rubbed gently from tip to base). White pine blister rust is the only stem rust of five-needled pines. It has long, narrow yellowish-brown cones 6-8 inches long. Eastern White Pines (Pinus strobus) are a good source of wild food. Noah Greenwald White bark pine . 1:2 250 ml $58.00 CAD. Add. Use in protection spells ⚪ Great in money spells 1 ounce ⚖️ Read more below! [5], The whitebark pine has been classified as endangered by the IUCN. In addition, senescent and blister rust-infected pine trees are not destroyed by natural periodic ground fires, further diminishing the whitebark pine forest's vitality and survival.[11]. These exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus targeting two main drivers of aging ; and are found in a wide range of foods, including cocoa, fruits such as apples, pears, and grapes, wine, as well as supplements. This natural antioxidant appears to reduce free radical formation and assist with cell replication and regeneration (x). PORTLAND, Ore. (KIFI/KIDK) - The U.S. Furthermore, the study showed that Pine Bark Extract can increase collagen and hyaluronic acid production. It shares the common name "creeping pine" with several other plants. Mountain pine beetles, altered wildfire patterns, and climate change are all negatively affecting the species’ health. Like white pine, it's broken into irregular blocks, but the ridges between the It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage. Pine bark extract can be found in liquid, tablet or capsule form containing 85 percent to 90 percent OPCs. Fish and Wildlife Service reported that the whitebark pine needed protection and that, without it, the tree would soon be extinct. Add. Unfortunately, white pines are susceptible to pine bark adelgid. Pycnogenol is extracted using a patented process. Cronartium ribicola occurs in whitebark pine to the northern limits of the species in the coastal ranges of British Columbia and the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In 1934, a French researcher named Jacques Masqueller discovered that Pine Bark promoted better vitamin C absorption in the body, making it useful for treating various health conditions (x). A study conducted in 2012 on post-menopausal women revealed that it can improve elasticity and hydration of the skin (x). The top of this tree has a smoother leathery surface with color of grays over reddish brown color. Bark Ln , White Pine, TN 37890 is currently not for sale. To add to the confusion, White Pine County also has white fir trees. White-pine-bark. Side Effects & Safety When taken by mouth: A standardized extract of maritime pine bark (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) is POSSIBLY SAFE in doses of 50-450 mg daily for up to one year. The color of the bark is reddish-brown and grayish-brown, but also can be pinkish if younger. Pine, White BARK CUT & SIFTED. Pests– White pine weevil, white When these minute aphids feed on the inner bark of the tree, they secrete a waxy, thread-like substance from their abdomen for protection. However, the beetles have recently expanded their attacks to younger, healthier trees as well as older trees, and climate change has been implicated as the primary culprit. [14], Native Americans are known to eat the seeds from the cones of this tree. It contains oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) that help manage various eye issues caused by damage to blood vessels, such as macular degeneration and retinopathy ( x ). Add. Research shows that the extract can increase endurance in professional athletes. Especially when you combine Pine Bark Extract with Coenzyme Q10, you can increase the blood volume ejected with every heartbeat. POWDER. [6][9], In 2007, the U.S. For example, in a 2003 article in "Phytotherapy Research," researchers report the finding that in rats, pine bark extract can inhibit histamine release, an important regulator of the allergic response. Pine Bark Extract Benefits. Actually, back when White Pine County got its name, the common name for limber pine was white pine. The bark is grayish to reddish-brown in color. Several emerging threats to whitebark pine have focused attention on the grizzly bear-whitebark relationship during the last decade. Since 2000, the climate at high elevations has warmed enough for the beetles to reproduce within whitebark pine, often completing their life cycle within one year and enabling their populations to grow exponentially. Those caches not retrieved by the time the snow melts contribute to forest regeneration. Pine Bark is thick and scaly bark of the Pine tree. A study shows that pine bark extract could treat metabolic syndrome as well as related conditions like obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes (x). Medicinal White Pine Bark comes from the inner bark of the White Pine tree, or from young shoots and twigs. TRU-PINE ® is an exclusive blend of powerful antioxidants providing numerous benefits. Use in protection spells ⚪ Great in money spells 1 ounce ⚖️ Read more below! Pine bark extract can be found in liquid, tablet or capsule form containing 85 percent to 90 percent OPCs. [1] Severe population decline in whitebark pine communities is attributed to various causes, most significantly infection with white pine blister rust, recent outbreaks of mountain pine beetles (2000–2014), disturbances in wildland fire ecology (including fire suppression), forest succession, and climate change. 1/4 Pound $8.40 CAD. Eastern White Pine needles are rich in Vitamin C. Traditionally, it is used as a medicinal resource. Nearly 80 percent of whitebark pines in Mount Rainier National Park are infected with blister rust.[6]. 1:2 100 ml $29.00 CAD. They are similar pine species that take a little practice to learn to tell apart. Adults should take one capsule (500 mg) of pine bark extract a day or 250 mg in powder form per day. The condition may be temporary or permanent. However, some studies have suggested that Pine Bark Extract may help relieve symptoms of ototoxicity. One Pound $28.00 CAD. Its pollen cones are scarlet.[4]. Funding Agency: Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd. Typically needles grows between 2 ½ to 5 inches long. Health benefits include: Used to … However, it is not only since the last decade when modern science discovered the precious functions of Pine Bark Extract to people’s health. It can grow to be 100 feet tall and its trunk can have a diameter of 3-4 feet. White-pine-leaves. Pine bark extract can be taken in capsule or powder form. Pine bark mulch can help maintain moisture around plants, but needs to be a few inches deep. Pine bark extract provides the skin with many benefits. NOW Supplements, Pine Bark Extract 240 mg, 90% OPC Pine Bark Extract, (from the Inner Bark of Chinese Red Pine), 90 Veg Capsules Now Foods Pine Bark Extract 240 mg, 90 Veg Capsules (90 Pack of 2) LABO Nutrition Super OPCS – Premium French Maritime Pine Bark Extract, 150mg per Serving – for Healthy Circulation, Radiant Skin, Immunity, Heart Health, Antioxidant Protection – Gluten Free Pine Tar decoction is used to remove Tapeworms. White Pine bark is described as an effective and reliable herb for the entire respiratory system. Pine bark extract offers many benefits, ranging from reducing the signs of aging to decreasing the risk of heart disease, high cholesterol and strokes. When whitebark pine production is good, grizzly bears tend to use higher elevations, where the risk of bear-human conflict is lower and survival is higher (Schwartz et al. Furthermore, it increases the time the body takes to reach an exhausted state due to increased levels of serum NAD+. Nutcrackers retrieve these seed caches during times of food scarcity and to feed their young. It contains oligomeric proanthocyanidins — compounds that demonstrate antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. BARK HOUSE ® PRODUCT : WHITE PINE LEATHER WALL COVERINGS: ROUGH PINE WALL COVERINGS: What is… Bark House ® White Pine Leather Wall Coverings are monolithic panels hand crafted with the bark of the White Pine (Pinus strobus) tree. when Hippocrates noted that it could reduce inflammation (x). Ridges form in between these blocks. Unfortunately, white pines are susceptible to pine bark adelgid. Discovered in 1535, eastern white pine bark has been used extensively for a variety of medicinal purposes by the Native people of Canada. This distinguishes whitebark pine and its relatives from the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), with two needles per fascicle, as well as the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), which both have three needles per fascicle; all three of these species also have a persistent sheath at the base of each fascicle. One Pound - Wild Crafted $28.00 CAD. The whitebark pine is an important source of food for many granivorous birds and small mammals, including most importantly the Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), the major seed disperser of the pine. Photo about Eastern white pine bark detail - Latin name - Pinus strobus. However, the agency announced it would neither be able to list the tree as endangered nor protect the organism, as it lacked both the necessary staff and funding to do so. Limber pines grow in all the mountains around Ely. A Japanese study showed that the combination of pine bark extract and L-arginine could help treat erectile dysfunction. When it comes to antioxidant content, pine bark extract leads the way. Duration: 10/1/2006 - 08/31/2009 The above presentation is for informational and educational purposes only. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed threatened species protection for the whitebark pine Tuesday. Pine bark extract can make a great addition to your nutritional arsenal for its potent antioxidant support, as well as its added support for blood flow, blood sugar, inflammation, immunity, brain function and skin support. A potent antioxidant, pine bark extract was originally used by indigenous people of North America and Asia as a medicinal herb. Moreover, it has been shown to inhibit lipid absorption. ", "Western Pine Merits Protection, Agency Says", Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation of Canada, 10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0130:ATIOGW]2.0.CO;2, "Our Threatened Timberlines: The Plight of Whitebark Pine Ecosystems", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinus_albicaulis&oldid=992860279, Natural history of the California Coast Ranges, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 14:14. white : pine bark (pinus strobus) pinus strobus bark . Pine tar mixed with Sulfur is used to treat Dandruff. White Pine Image Gallery Plant-illustration-of-White-pine.